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While in prison, Haigh was ostracized from the
Brethren for his sin. He
was shocked, and his mother afterward said to anyone who would
listen that this expulsion had affected his future outlook.
After prison, he returned to his parents' home and then went
into the dry-cleaning business.
He succeeded well until his partner was killed in a
motorcycle accident. The
subsequent liquidation of the business soured him.
He left his hometown and went to London.
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| William Donald McSwan |
Reading about a job listing for a
secretary/chauffeur for an amusement park, Haigh applied.
That began a whole new chapter in his life, although it was
only by chance that the person who had hired him would one day
become his first victim. The
amusement park owner was Mr. William Donald McSwan, nicknamed
"Mac," a young man with good prospects. He liked Haigh and thought he was an excellent employee.
Haigh never mentioned his past transgressions.
Mac introduced him to his parents, who approved of him at
once. The two young men
became friends. Both
enjoyed fast cars, flashy clothes, and going to London pubs. As Haigh learned the business, he was promoted to manager.
However, after a year, he left to go into business on his
own. The McSwans were
sorry to see him go, but he did not like to work for other people. |
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He set up a fake solicitor's office by using
the name of a reputable firm. He
then pretended to have an estate to liquidate and some public
company shares to dispose of. Checks
came in and Haigh cashed them without providing the goods.
He would then move on to duplicate the scheme in another
area.
However, the law caught up with him and once
again he went to prison, this time for four years.
Within a year of getting out, he was back in again for
twenty-one months for theft of goods.
He claimed the owner asked him to sell those things he had
taken, but his lies failed to save him.
While in prison this time, Haigh vowed he
would not be back. He
formed a plan to go after rich older women.
To his mind, that's where the big money was to be found.
He also learned how to work with sulfuric acid in the
prison's tin shop. He
experimented on mice, supplied to him by other prisoners, and made
an extended study of the effects of acid on animal tissue.
He discovered how easy it was to dispose of a body if one had
a sufficient amount of acid and a private place to do it.
With a mouse, it required only half an hour.
When he got out, he found work as an
accountant with a Mr. Stephens in an engineering firm.
He lived for a short time with the Stephens family.
They had two daughters and the older one, Barbara, shared
Haigh's passion for music, so they developed a close friendship.
Eventually, they talked about marriage, although Haigh was
not divorced from his first wife and was in no position to make any
such arrangements. He
was also nearly twenty years Barbara's senior.
Nevertheless, she proved to be his closest friend and
genuinely believed she would become his wife.
In 1944 Haigh was involved in a car accident.
He suffered a wound to the head, which bled into his mouth.
He claims it revived in him dreams of blood from his
childhood.
"I saw before me a forest of
crucifixes," he wrote, "which gradually turned into trees.
At first there appeared to be dew, or rain, dripping from the
branches, but as I approached, I realized it was blood.
Suddenly the whole forest began to writhe and the trees,
stark and erect, to ooze blood… A man went to each tree, catching
the blood." That
man approached Haigh to "drink."
It was the same year he began to kill.
He rented a basement space at 79 Gloucester Road, which
apparently proved too convenient to resist.
He kept carboys of acid there and it was not long before he
transferred what he had learned in prison to the world at large.
At a public house in Kensington, he chanced
upon "Mac" McSwan again, for whom he had worked before his
second prison term. McSwan
was happy to see him and took Haigh to see his parents.
Having no idea what lay in the future, they were all pleased
with this reunion. They
told Haigh of their recent investments in property, which provided a
tidy income. He
listened intently, forming a plan.
McSwan and Haigh began to spend more time
together. One day,
McSwan wrote a postcard for Haigh to young Barbara Stephens in
Crawley. It was the 6th
of September 1944, and he was never seen again.
In Haigh's diary, found later by police, there
is a cross etched in red crayon under the entry for September 9th.
This may have been the day he either killed or disposed of
McSwan. Haigh claimed
that he had a sudden need for blood so he had hit McSwan over the
head with a blunt instrument, possibly a table leg or a pipe.
Then he slit his throat.
"I got a mug and took some blood, from his neck, in the
mug, and drank it." He left the corpse there overnight to die and had to decide
what he was now to do with it.
That was the night when Haigh dreamed of the forest of blood.
In his workroom, he had some acid—much more
than he needed for the things he claimed to be doing.
Searching old bombsites from the war, he found an old
40-gallon drum and put McSwan into it.
Getting the body stuffed inside was an ordeal, as McSwan was
larger than the five-foot-eight Haigh.
First Haigh removed McSwan's valuables and clothing.
Then he laid the drum on its side and dragged the body over
to it. It took him half
an hour to do this, because he had to fold the body in half to fit
it inside the drum. He
pushed the legs as close to the torso as possible before he was able
to shove McSwan inside. Finally
he had to set the drum upright.
He packed McSwan's overcoat around him and prepared for the
final step.
Haigh donned an apron and gloves to go fill a
bucket with the acid. This
method proved awkward, but he finally got the first bucketful into
the drum. As he worked,
the fumes that accumulated as the acid worked its way into the body
overwhelmed him. He had
not expected this. His
office had poor ventilation and Haigh had to step outside to get
air. It took hours before the corpse was fully submerged in a
bubbling liquid. The
once-cold acid had become intensely hot as it reacted with the
body's moisture. Haigh covered the drum, locked his office, and went home to
collapse. As he slept,
his former drinking pal became a liquid sludge.
Haigh returned to the basement two days later
to check on the progress of his "experiment."
He looked into the drum to see a blackish porridge-like
substance, smeared with red streaks.
It smelled awful. Using a wooden rod, he stirred through the human/acid stew to
see if McSwan was fully dissolved.
It was more congealed than he had expected, but sufficiently
liquid to pour down a large manhole drain—which is exactly what he
did, using the bucket to scoop the cold liquid from inside the drum
until it was nearly empty. To
Haigh's chagrin, there were still lumps of something at the bottom
of the drum. He had to
dig them out with the stick and force them down the drain.
Then he cleaned up the drum.
Once this task was completed, Haigh
experienced a sense of euphoria. He had murdered someone and no one would ever be able to pin
it on him. In fact, no
one would ever find a body. No
corpus delicti. It was
time now to claim Mac's possessions.
First Haigh went to McSwan's parents and told
them that their son had gone away to avoid the draft.
Since McSwan had already voiced plans to go underground
rather than serve in the military, it seemed credible to them that
he had gone. Haigh even
sent fake postcards to McSwans from Scotland.
He then made plans to acquire the rest of the McSwan
holdings.
Haigh had learned how the acid had made it
difficult to breathe, so he fashioned a tin mask to protect his face
for future work. He
also bought a stirrup-pump to get the acid from the carboy container
into the tub, since that, too, had proved a rather arduous task.
He had an acid-bath tub specially made of steel and he
painted it with several more layers to make it resistant to
corrosion. (Briffett says that he had two oil drums for this
purpose, rather than a tub.)
Two months later, according to a statement
made to the police, he murdered a middle-aged woman from Hammersmith
who was never identified. He
then went on to murder both of the elder McSwans—those people who
had welcomed him back without reservation into their company.
He hit them with the same pipe, claimed to have drunk their
blood, and dissolved them in acid baths.
After July 2nd, 1945, they simply disappeared.
Haigh told the landlady that they had gone away to America.
He also rifled through the family files so that he was
prepared to answer any questions, and he had all of their mailed
forwarded to him—including McSwan's pension.
Then he disposed of their properties.
Later, he claimed that he had killed them both
because the father's corpse did not produce enough blood to satisfy
him. However, the fact
that he took over their property and investments indicates a
different motive. Pretending
to be William Donald McSwan, he forged the young man's signature on
a Power of Attorney. Then
he forged a deed on a property owned by McSwan's mother and
proceeded to appropriate it into his own name—his false one.
He sold the properties and netted 1720 pounds.
He also obtained securities and from the sale of the
possessions and homes gained more than 6,000 pounds.
Their disappearance was never reported to the police and was
not even discovered until Haigh made his confession in 1949.
At the time, Haigh had moved into Room 404 at
the Onslow Court Hotel in Kensington, a resident hotel that housed
mostly well-heeled older widows.
He posed as a liaison officer between people with patents,
inventors, and engineering firms. His firm, he told people, was the Union Engineering Group,
with branches in four towns.
That autumn, Haigh later claimed in his
tacked-on confession, he killed a young man named Max from
Kensington, but there was no way to test the truth of his statement.
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| Dr. and Mrs. Henderson |
However, he was certainly ready to kill again.
Within two years of the McSwan family deaths, Haigh had spent
all of the money he had gotten from their estates, so he looked
around for another way to enrich himself quickly.
An ad for selling a house brought him in contact with Dr.
Archibald Henderson, 52, and his wife, Rose Henderson, 41. |
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Haigh offered more for the house than they
were asking but could not come up with the money, so the deal fell
through. However, he
had never intended to buy it. What he wanted was a way into their lives.
He continued to see the Hendersons and to develop a
friendship based on common interests in music, although they were
not the type of people of which he would normally approve.
They lived expensively, drank, and were fairly worldly.
Rose had been married before and was divorced.
Yet the fact that they obviously had money appealed to Haigh,
so he cultivated an association and formed a plan.
He encouraged them to talk about themselves and through those
conversations learned all that he could about their properties and
their habits. He claims
that he often played the piano for them and performed many acts of
kindness. Their
association lasted five months, showing just how patient Haigh could
be with his intended prey.
During this time, Haigh rented the storehouse
on Leopold Road in Crawley from Hustlea Products for his
experimental work, and moved his possessions there from Gloucester
Street. On December 22nd,
1947, he ordered three carboys of sulfuric acid and two forty-gallon
drums without tops.
In February of 1948, Haigh visited the
Hendersons and spent several days with them.
He claims that a "dream cycle" began, indicating
the blood dreams that drove him to murder.
At the same time, his debts were mounting.
On February 12th, he drove Dr.
Henderson to Crawley and shot him in the head with his own revolver,
which Haigh had stolen. He left Henderson in the storeroom while he went to get a gas
mask, which he also had taken from Henderson's place. He then returned to Mrs. Henderson, told her that her husband
was ill, and drove her to her doom.
She was irritated with this interruption in her life and did
not want to go into the storehouse, but Haigh asked her to help him
carry some of her husband's things on their way to seeing him at the
home of a friend. She begrudgingly went into the building.
Haigh shot her as well.
He trussed up both bodies and left them there overnight.
"From each of them," he said,
"I took my draught of blood."
His diary for the February 12th
entry indicates the Henderson's initials next to two red crosses.
He dissolved them in the acid baths, as he had done with the
McSwans. Henderson's
foot was still intact, but Haigh dumped the sludge along with the
foot in one corner of the trashy yard without bothering to take care
of such obvious evidence. Apparently he felt immune to capture.
The following morning, the night porter at the
hotel where the Henderson's were staying was asked to take their
dog, an Irish setter, out for a walk.
Haigh then went to the hotel, paid the bill, showed a letter
of authority from Dr. Henderson, and took the Henderson's
possessions and dog away with him.
The items he sold, along with their car, but he kept the dog
with him in his hotel. He also acquired and sold the Henderson's
house. Rather shockingly, he sold Barbara Stephens some of Mrs.
Henderson's clothing. To
Mrs. Durand-Deacon, whom Haigh had met at the hotel, he sold a
handbag. From these
transactions, he gained almost 8,000 pounds.
He wrote to people whom the Henderson's knew, copying Rose's
handwriting and forging her signature—even writing out a full
fifteen pages to satisfy her brother, Arnold Burlin, who wanted to
go to the police. Haigh
explained to this man that the Hendersons had decided to emigrate to
South Africa. Burlin
was worried, but did not know how to find them.
When he pressed again about the police, Haigh told him that
Archie would get into trouble because he had performed an illegal
abortion. Burlin did
not quite believe this, but he had no proof otherwise.
Although Burlin was a shrewd businessman, Haigh managed
finally to convince him. He
accepted Rose's letter, mailed from Glasgow, as authentic.
Haigh later claimed that he had killed the
Hendersons to get their blood, but his actions subsequent to the
double murder, and the state of his finances, indicate otherwise.
Next, according to him, he killed a girl named
Mary from Eastbourne. This, too, was never proven, and it is not certain that she
ever existed.
In June of 1948 Haigh claimed that his car was
stolen. The Lagonda was
found smashed at the foot of a cliff.
Less than a month later, an unidentified female body
(Briffett says male) was found nearby, but the police decided that
one incident was unrelated to the other.
Haigh insisted that he had nothing to do with either
incident, even after his arrest and lengthy confession of other
murders. However, he
did show the wreck to Barbara Stephens and aroused her suspicions
when he told her not to mention it to anyone.
People had heard him say that he was tired of the car and
wished someone would steal it.
Whether he simply rid himself of it or rid himself of a body
is anyone's guess. He
was well insured and used the money to purchase a new Avis saloon.
Going through the funds he had accumulated by
the end of the year, Haigh was once again in debt.
He squandered a lot of money by gambling.
He noticed an obituary in the paper of the father of a
schoolmate so he wrote a kind note to the widow, saying he would
like to come and visit her. She
thought it was sweet of him after all these years, but she died
before he could get there. No
doubt he had a deal in mind for her.
He went about inviting several other people
out to his "factory" in Crawley, but got no takers.
Now he really was getting desperate.
He owed money to the hotel and had borrowed enough to pay it,
but the loan had to be repaid within five days.
When Mrs. Durand-Deacon approached him with the idea of
inventing false fingernails, he invited her to his place of
business. Even the
murder of Mrs. Durand-Deacon, however, failed to cover his debts and
had he not been caught, he would have had little choice but to
murder again, and quickly.
Just as the pressure of this murder was about
to come upon him, Rose Henderson's brother, who needed to find out
more information about her whereabouts, contacted him again.
Burlin was determined to go to Scotland Yard and wanted Haigh
to go with him. Their
mother was ill and Rose must be contacted.
Haigh apparently contemplated doing away with this nosy man
as well, because he offered to provide accommodations for him when
he came into London. Things
did not get quite that far because Haigh was arrested.
His killing spree was over.
As a boy, Haigh had written a prophetic paper
in which he described his own irredeemable nature:
"We may well learn the lesson that one fall, even though
it be met by perfect grace and full restoration, does not cure a
natural disposition…" He
seemed to know himself well, even at that young age.
Perhaps the person most strongly affected by
all of this, besides Haigh's distraught parents, was young Barbara
Stephens. She visited
him in prison, expecting to find a broken man, falsely accused.
Instead she saw a man who seemed to be reveling in the
attention and who admitted to everything.
As she read the accounts in the papers, she realized that he
had killed all of these people while he and she were together and
all of them had been his friends.
She asked him why he had not killed her, and he was
astonished by the question. He
assured her that he'd never even entertained such an idea.
It did not reassure her, however, to realize that he had
admitted his love for her the same week he had killed Mac; they had
spent a wonderful day together only two days after he had disposed
of Mac's parents; they had talked about marriage while he killed the
Hendersons—even selling her a dress from the deceased; and the day
after Olive Durand-Deacon died, they had a very pleasant tea
together. Barbara could
not comprehend how she could have known so little about the person
she had planned to marry. Even
so, she wrote him letters throughout his prison term and visited him
once a week. For his
fortieth birthday, she sent him a good luck charm.
Yet she grew increasingly aware that he would have killed her
as well, had it been necessary.
Haigh claimed to have killed nine people, but
nothing was ever discovered about three of them, except for the
unidentified body near Haigh's crashed car.
It may be that he told about the three extra victims because
there was no evidence that he had profited from killing them and he
could better support the story of killing for blood.
However, his comment to the reception officer when he first
arrived at Lewes Prison was, "This is the result of doing six
people, but not for personal gain." There was no real evidence of insanity, let alone of
vampirism.
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