Contemporary accounts in the newspapers, the Boston Post, Boston Globe, Boston Journal and Boston Herald

Boston Globe. April 24, 1874. "The Boy Murderer"

Bousfield, Richard M. and Richard Merrett. 1843. "Report of the Trial of Daniel M'Naughton." London: Henry Renshaw.

Dressler, David. 1969. Sociology: The Study of Human Interaction. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Durkheim, Emile. 1950. Rules of Sociological Method. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press.

Hall, Angus, editor. 1973. Crimes and Punishment: A Pictoral Encyclopedia of Aberrant Behavior. London: BBC Publishing.

Kennedy, Foster, Harry R. Hoffman and William H. Haines. 1947. "Psychiatric Study of William Heirens." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern School of Law.

Montagu, M.F. Ashley. September, 1941. "The Biologist Looks at Crime." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

Ramsland, Katherine. 2001. "School Killers." The Crime Library. 

Schechter, Harold. 2000. Fiend: The Shocking True Story of America's Youngest Serial Killer. New York: Pocket Books.

Shepherd, Jr., Robert E., Undated.  "Centennial Celebration: Doing Justice to Juvenile Justice." Reno, Nev.: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.